Politician’s Manual. 


THE 

j CO^rSTITTJTION 

I OF THE 

'united states of"'AMERICA. 

I 

Ratified, September 17th, 1787; 

TOGETHER WITH THE 

AMENDMENTS, AND PROPOSED AMENDMENTS; 

ALSO, 

STATEMENTS DEFINING THE POWERS AND DUTIES 

’ OF THE 


DEPARTMENTS OF GOVERNMENT, 


STATISTICS op The united states, Ac. 

tArLi- 

NEW YORK: 

PUBLISHED BY THE “AMERICAN NEWS COMPANY,” 

121 NASSAU STREET, 

AND FOR SALE BY BOOKSELLERS GENERALLY. 

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Politician’s Manual. 


THE 

COlSrSTITUTION 

OP THE 


DNITED STATES OE AMERICA, 

Ratified, September 17th, 1787; 

TOGETHER WITH THE 

AMENDMENTS, AND PROPOSED AMENDMENTS; 


ALSO, 

STATEMENTS DEFINING THE POWERS AND DUTIES 

OF THE 


DEPARTMENTS OF GOYERNMENT, 

STATISTICS OF THE UNITED ^TATES, &c. 


NEW YORK: ' 

PUBLISHED BY THE “ AMEPJCAN NEWS COMPANY,” 

121 NASSAU STREET, 

4 

AND FOE SALE BY BOOKSELLERS GENERALLY. 

— . \-,!b 






' \ 


TO THE PUBLIC. 


; 


\ 


The conflict now unhappily existing between different political parties in tho 
United States, is assuming a fearful importance, from the fact that the head of the 
Executive Department has placed himself in opposition to the Legislative branch 
of the nation—that, too, while the great mass of the voters of the Northern, Middle 
and Western States sustain the measures advocated by the Thirty-ninth Congress— 
both being elected by the same loyal voters of the country. 

How far this new element of discord will influence the future growth, happiness 
and prosperity ^of the Union, remains to be seen. The only course to be pursued 
by the truly loyal citizen, is to respect the laws of the land and adhere to the 
Constitution of 1787; which was amended in 1865, forever abolishing Slavery or 
involuntary servitude. 

Another amendment is now proposed, which is demanded by the exigency of the 
times, in order to equalize the Federal representation on a just basis, so as to 
include, man for man, all that have been liberated from the unjust institution of 
slavery heretofore existing. 

The contest has been changed, by the force of circumstances, from the sword to 
the ballot-box ; and it now behooves every freeman of the land to study well the 
Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the tJnited States—which 
documents embody the principles that actuated our fathers in guaranteeing “ life, 
liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,” to all citizens of this great Republic. 

What valid objection can be made by any intelligent and impartial American to 
the doctrine that every native-born or naturalized male citizen of the age of twenty- 
one years and upwards, who can read and write, or is liable to taxation or to do 
military duty in the State or Territory wherein he resides, shaU exercise the right 
to vote for all State or United States officers elected by ballot. 

New York, Sept. 6, 1866, J. D. 


Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1866, by 
JOHN DISTURNELL, 

In the Clerk’s Office of the United States District Court for the Southern District of 

New York. 



JOHN }. BEBD, PRINTER AND STEBEOTTPEB, 

43 Centre Street, N. Y. 



V 







CONTENTS 


Page. 

Dhpartments op Government —Executive Department—Department of State . 5 

Treasury Department .6—7 

Department of the Interior—War Department.8 

Navy Department.. . . 9 

Attorney-General’s Office—Post Office Department.10 

Department of Agriculture.11 

Legislative Department—Members of Congress.. . 12 

Constitution of the United States .13—20 

Amendments to the Constitution.. . 4—22 

Proposed Amendment .......... 23 

President’s Message to the Senate and House of Representatives . . 24 

Statistics of the United States .25—32 






ABOLISHMENT OF SLAVERY. 

Congress, by a two-thirds vote in either House, initiated, and already twenty- 
seven States have ratified, by a majority vote in either branch of their respective Legis¬ 
latures, the following important Amendment to the Federal Constitution: 


ARTICLE XIH. 

** Sec. 1. Neither Slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a 
punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly con¬ 
victed, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to 
their jurisdiction. 

Sec. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by ap¬ 
propriate LEGISLATION.” 


The States which have thus far ratified this Amendment are as follows: 


Slate. 

1. Illinois. 

2. Rhode Island.. 

3. New York.... 

4 . Maryland. 

6. Massachusetts 

6. Pennsylvania. 

7. West Virginia, 

8. Michigan. 

9. Maine. 

10. Ohio. 

11. Kansas. 

12. Minnesota... 

13. Virginia. 

14. Indiana. 


Time, 

Feb. 1, 1865 
February 2 
.February 3 
.February 3 
.February 3 
.February 3 
•February 3 
.February 3 
.February 7 
.February 8 
.February 8 
..February 8 
.February 9 
February 13 


State. Time. 

15. Nevada.February 16 

16. Louisiana.February 17 

17. Missouri.February 24 

18. Wisconsin.February 22 

19. Vermont.March 9 

20. Tennessee.April 5 

21. Arkansas.April — 

22. Connecticut..May 4 

23. New Hampshire.June 30 

24. South Carolina.Nov. 13 

25. North Carolina.Dec. 1 

26. Alabama.Dec. 3 

27. Georgia.Dec. 6 


4S”By Proclamation of the Secretary of State, Wm. H. Seward, the above Amend¬ 
ment was declared ratified, and dated, Washington, Dec. 18, 1865. 






























5 


DEPAETMENTS OF GOVEENMENT. 


l.-EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 

1. —“ Tlie President shall be Commander-in-chief of the Army and Navy of the 
United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into service ; and he 
shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States, 
except in cases of impeachment. 

2. —“ He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to 
make treaties—provided two-thirds of the Senators concur; and he shall nominate, 
and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other 
public ministers and consuls. Judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the 
United States whose appointment are not otherwise provided for, and which shall be 
eutablished by law. 

3. —“ The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during 
the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions, which shall expire at the end of 
their next session. 

“ The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of the United States, shall be 
removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other 
high crimes or misdemeanors.” 

Tlie Cabinet, who hold their offices at the will of the President, are composed 
of the Secretaries of State, the Treasury, Interior, War, and Navy; Postmaster General 
and Attorney General. 

^•-DEPARTMENT OF STATE. 

The Secretary of State is aided by two Assistant Secretaries and a Chief 
Clerk; the latter, as his title imports, supervises the labors of all the clerks of the 
department. 

The Diplomatic Branch has charge of all correspondence between the department 
and other diplomatic agents of the United States abroad, and those of foreign powers 
accredited to this government. 

The Consular Branch has charge of the correspondence, etc., between the depart¬ 
ment and the consuls and commercial agents af the United States. 

The Disdursino Agent has charge of all matters connected with accounts relating 
to any fund disbursed by the department. 

The Translator furnishes such translations as the department may require, and 
records the commissions of consuls and vice-consuls, when not in English, upon which 
exequaturs are issued. 

The Clbrx of Appointments and Commissions makes out and records commissions, 
letters of appointment, nominations to the Senate, exequators, and records, when in 
English, the commission on which they are issued, has charge of the library. 



6 


DEPARTMENTS OF GOVERNMENT. 


The Clerk of Rolls and Archives takes charge of the enrolle4 acts and resolt>- 
tions of Congress as they are received from the President; prepares authenticated 
copies thereof; superintends their publication, and that of treaties; attends to their 
distribution, and that of all documents and publications in regard to which this duty is 
assigned to the department; writing and answering all letters connected therewith; 
has charge of all Indian treaties, and business relating thereto. 

The Clerk op Authentications has charge of the seals of the United States and of 
the department, and prepares and attaches certificates to papers presented for authen¬ 
tication ; receives and accounts for the fees; records all letters from the department, 
other than diplomatic and consular. 

The Clerk of Pardons and Passports prepares and records pardons and remis¬ 
sions ; and registers and files the papers on which they are founded, and makes out 
and records passports. 

The Bureau op Emigration, recently established, is also connected with the Stats 
Department. 

3.-TREASURY DEPARTMENT. 

The Secretary of the Treasury, aided by two Assistant Secretaries, i* 
charged with the general supervision of the fiscal transactions of the government, and 
the execution of the laws concerning commerce and navigation, the survey of the 
coast, the light-house establishment, the internal revenue, the currency, and loans; the 
aaarine hospitals of the United States, and the construction of certain public buildings 
for custom-houses and other purposes. 

The First Comptroller prescribes the mode of keeping and rendering accounts for 
the civil and diplomatic service, as well as the public lands, and revises and certifies 
the balances arising thereon. 

The Second Comptroller prescribes the mode of keeping and rendering the ac¬ 
counts of the army, navy, and Indian departments of the public service, and revises and 
certifies the balances arising thereon. 

The Commissioner op the Customs prescribes the mode of keeping and rendering ths 
account of the customs revenue and disbursements, and for the building and repairing 
custom-houses, etc., and revises and certifies the balances arising thereon. 

The First Auditor receives and adjusts the accounts of the customs revenue and 
disbursements, appropriations and expenditures on account of the civil list and under 
private acts of Congress, and reports the balances to the Commissioner of the Customs 
and the First Comptroller, respectively, for their decision thereon. 

The Second Auditor receives and adjusts all accounts relating to the pay, clothing, 
and recruiting of the army, as well as the armories, arsenals, and ordnance, and all ac¬ 
counts relating to the Indian department, and reports the balances to the Second 
Comptroller for his decision thereon. 

The Third Auditor receives and adjusts all accounts for subsistence of the army, 
fortifications, military academy, military roads, and the quarter-master’s department, 
pension claims arising from military services previous to 1816, and for horses and other 
property lost in the military service, and reports the balances to the Second Comptrol¬ 
ler for his decision thereon. 


DEPARTMENTS OF GOVERNMENT. t 

Tue Fodth Auditor adjusts all accounts for the service of the Navy Department, 
and reports the balances to the Second Comptroller for his decision thereon. 

The Fifth Auditor adjusts all accounts for diplomatic and similar services per¬ 
formed under the direction of the State Department, and reports the balances to the 
First Comptroller for his decision thereon. 

The Sixth Auditor adjusts all accounts arising from the service of the Post OlEce 
Department. His decisions are final, unless an appeal be taken in twelve months to 
the First Comptroller. He superintends the collection of all debts due the Post Office 
Department, and all penalties imposed on postmasters and mail contractors for failing 
to do their duty; he directs suits and legal proceedings, civil and criminal, and takes 
legal measures to enforce the prompt payment of moneys due to the department; 
instructing attorneys, marshals, and clerks relative thereto; and receives returns from 
each term of the United States courts of the condition and progress of such suits and 
legal proceedings; has charge of all lands and other property assigned to the United 
States in payment of debts due the Post Office Department, and has power to sell and 
dispose of the same for the benefit of the United States. 

The Treasurer receives and keeps the moneys of the United States in his own 
office and that of the depositories, and pays out the same upon warrants drawn by the 
Secretary of the Treasury, countersigned by the First Comptroller, and upon warrants 
drawn by the Postmaster-General, and countersigned by the Sixth Auditor, and re¬ 
corded by the Register. He also holds public moneys advanced by warrant to disbur¬ 
sing officers, and pays out the same upon their checks. 

The Register keeps the accounts of public receipts and expenditures; receives the 
returne and makes out the official statement of commerce and navigation of the United 
States; and receives from the First Comptroller and Commissioner of Customs all 
accounts and vouchers decided by them, and is charged by law with their safe keeping. 

The Solicitor superintends all civil suits commenced by the United States (^except 
those arising in the Post Office Department, and instructs the United States attorneys, 
marshals, aud clerks in all matters relating to them and their results. He receives 
returns from each term of the United States courts, showing the progress and condition 
of such suits; has charge of all lands and other property assigned to the United States 
in payment of debts {except those assigned in payment of debts due t}\t Post Ojffics Depart- 
ment), and has power to sell and dispose of the same for the benefit of the United 
States. 

Commissioner of Revenue. — This is a new office, created by act of Congress, 
approved, July 1, 18G2. “The Commissioner is charged, under the direction of the 
Secretary of the Treasury, with preparing all the instructions, regulations, directions, 
forms, blanks, stamps, and licenses, and distributing the same, or any part thereof, and 
all other matters pertaining to the assessment and collection of the duties, stamp 
duties, licenses, and taxes which may be necessary to carry this act into effect.’' 

The Light-house Board. —The Secretary of the Treasury is ex ojfficio president of 
this board. Has charge of maintenance and support of all the light-houses, light- 
vessels, buoys, etc.; directs building, repairs, etc., of the same; procures supplies 
and fixtures of all kinds required for the service. 

The Superintendent op the Coast Survey has charge of the survey of the 


8 


DEPARTMENTS OF GOVERNMENT. 


Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coasts and tidal waters of the United States, and the publica¬ 
tion and distribution of charts of the same. He is also superintendent of WeigMi 
and Measures, having charge of the duty of constructing and distributing sets of stand 
ard weights and measures of the United States. 

4.—DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. 

The Secretary of the Interior, aided by an Assistant Secretary, haa 
the supervision and management of the following branches of the public service : 

1st. The Public Lands. —Its head is the Commissioner of the General Land 0£6c#» 
The Land Bureau is charged with the survey, management, and sale of the publid 
domain; the revision of Virginia military bounty-land claims, and the issuing of scrip 
in lieu thereof. 

2d. Pensions. —The Commissioner is charged with the examination and adjudication 
of all claims arising under the various and numerous laws passed by Congress granting 
bounty-land or pensions for the military or naval service in the revolutionary and sub¬ 
sequent wars. 

3d. The Indian Office has charge of all matters connected with the Indians, 
superintending agencies, paying annuities, etc. 

4th. The Patent Office is charged with the performance of all “ acts and things 
touching and respecting the granting and issuing of Patents for new and useful dis¬ 
coveries, inventions, and improvements.” 

The Department of the Interior has, beside the supervision of the accounts of the 
United States marshals and attorneys, the clerks of the United States courts, the man¬ 
agement of the lead and other mines of the United States ; the affairs of the penitenti¬ 
ary of the United States in the District of Columbia ; the taking and returning of the 
decimal Census of the United States, and of supervising and directing the acts of the 
Commissioner of Public Buildings; the management of the hospital for the insane of 
the army and navy and of the District of Columbia, and the charge of publications 
transmitted to the department under the laws relating to copyrights, records and 
indexes, titles, etc.; the suppression of the African slave-trade ; the construction of 
the United States Capitol, and the Washington Aqueduct, besides a number of lesser 
miscellaneous subjects of executive administration. 

5.—WAR DEPARTMENT. 

The Scci’efary of* War, aided by two Assistant Secretaries, has charge 
of all the duties connected with the army of the United States, fortifications, etc., and 
the execution of the laws relating thereto, under the general direction of the President. 

The following Bureaus are attached to this department: 

Commanding General’s Office.— This office, at the head of which is General U. &. 
Grant, is at Washington, D. C., when the commander is not in the field. 

Adjutant General’s Department. —In this office are kept all the records which 
refer to the personnel of the army, the rolls, etc. It is here where all military com¬ 
missions are made out. The Judge Advocate General is also connected with it. 


DEPARTMENTS OF GOVERNMENT. 


9 


The other Bureaus or Departments consist of— 

Tub Quabtekmasteu’s Department; Subsistence Department; Medical Depart¬ 
ment; Pay Department; Corps op Engineers, and the Ordnance Department. 
The Volunteer Force and Regular Army are alike connected -with the War Depart¬ 
ment .—See Army Register. 

Provost Marshal General op the U. States. —This office, at the head of which 
la Provost Marshal General Brig.-Genl. Fry, is at Washington. He has the immedi¬ 
ate supervision, control and management of the Corps, there being one or more special 
Provost Marshals in each State. 


6,-NAVY DEPARTMENT. 

The Secretary of the Navy, aided by an Assistant Secretary has charge • 
of every thing connected with the naval establishment, and the execution of laws relat¬ 
ing thereto, under the generel direction of the President. All instructions to com¬ 
manders of squadrons, and commanders of vessels; all orders of officers, commissions 
of officers, both in the Navy and Marine Corps; appointments of commissioned and 
warrant officers; orders for the enlistment and discharge of seamen, emanate from the 
Secretary’s office. All the duties of the different bureaus are performed under the 
authority of the Secretary, and their orders are considered as emanating from him. 
The National Observatory at Washington is also under the control of this Department. 

The Bureau op Navy-Yards and Docks has charge of all the navy-yards, docka 
and wharves, buildings and machinery in navy-yards, and every thing immediately 
connected with them. It is also charged with the management of the naval asylum. 

The Bureau op Equipment and Recruiting has charge of providing all vessels 
with their equipments, as sails, anchors, water-tanks, etc.; also, charge of the recruit¬ 
ing service. 

The Bureau op Construction and Repair.—I t has charge of the building and 
repairs of all vessels of war, purchase of material, etc. 

The Bureau op Steam Engineering has charge of the construction, repair, etc., 
of the machinery of steam vessels of war. The Engineer-in-chief superintends the 
construction of all marine steam-engines for the navy, and, with the approval of the 
Secretary, decides upon plans for their construction. 

The Bureau oi Ordnance and Hydrography has charge of all ordnance and 
ordnance stores; the manufacture or purchase of cannon, guns, powder, shot, shells, 
etc., and the equipment of vessels of war, with every thing connected therewith. Ik 
also provides them with maps, charts, chronometers, barometers, etc., together with 
such books as are furnished ships-of-war. " The United States Naval Observatory 
and Hydrographical Office ” at Washington, and the Naval Academy, at Newport, are 
also under the general superintendence of the chief of this bureau. 

The Bureau or Provisions and Clothing contracts for all provisions for the use of 
the navy, and clothing. 

The Bureau of Medicine and Surgery manages every thing relating to medicine! 
and medical stores, treatment of sick and wounded, and management of h^epitals.— 
See Navy List. 




10 


DEPARTMENTS OF GOVERNMENT. 


7.-ATTORNEY GEXERAL’S OFFICE. 

The ordinary business of this office may be classified under the following heads: 

1. The official opinions on the current business of the government, as called for by 
the President, by any head of department, or by the Solicitor of the Treasury. 

2. Examination of the titles of all land purchased, as the sites of arsenals, custom¬ 
houses, light-houses, and all other public works of the United States. 

3. Applications for pardons in all cases of conviction in the courts of the United 
States. 

4. Applications for appointment in all the judicial and legal business of the gov¬ 
ernment. 

6. The conduct and argument of all suits in the Supreme Court of the United States 
in which the Government is concerned. 

6. The supervision of all other suits arising in any of the departments when referred 
by the head thereof to the Attorney General. 

To these ordinary heads of the business of the office is added, at the present time, 
the direction of all appeals on land claims in California. 

§.-POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 

The management of the Post Office Department is assigned by the constitution and 
laws to the Postmaster-General. 

Appointment Office, at the head of which is the First Assistant Postmaster-General^ 
attends to the establishment and continuance of post offices, changes of sites and 
names, appointment and removal of postmasters, and route and local agents, and the 
giving of instructions to postmasters. It provides them with marking and rating 
stamps, and letter balances. It provides blanks and stationery for the use of the de¬ 
partment, and superintends the several agencies established for supplying postmasteri 
with blanks. It has the supervision of the ocean mail steamship lines, and of the foreign 
and international postal arrangements. 

The Contract Office, at the head of which is the Second Assistant Postmaster- 
General, arranges the mail service, and places the same under contract; corresponds 
and acts respecting the trips, conveyance, departures and arrivals on all the routes, 
the course of the mail between the different sections of the country, the points of dis¬ 
tribution, and the regulations for the government of the domestic mail service. It 
prepares the advertisements, receives the bids, and takes charge of the annual and 
occasional mail lettings, the adjustment and execution of the contracts; applications 
for the establishm^^nt or alteration of mail arrangement, and the appointment of mail 
messengers. All claims for transportation service not under contract are to be re¬ 
cognized by the Contract Office, as authority for the proper credits, at the Auditor’s 
Office. Postmasters at the ends of routes receive from it the statement of mail arrange¬ 
ments prescribed for the respective routes. It reports weekly to the Auditor all 
contracts executed and all orders affecting accounts for mail transportation; prepares 
the statistical exhibits of the mail service, and the reports of the mail lettings, giving a 
ftatement of each bid; also, of the contracts made, the new service originated, the 
curtailments ordered, and the additional allowances granted within the year. 


DEPARTMENTS OF GOVERNMENT. 


11 


Thb Finance Office, the head of which is the Third Assistant Postmaster-General 
Bupervises the financial business of the department, not devolved by law upon the 
Auditor, embracing accounts with the draft officers and other depositories of the depart¬ 
ment, the issuing of w'arrants and drafts in payment of balances reported by the Audi¬ 
tor to be due to mail contractors and other persons ; the supervision of the accounts 
of officers under order to deposit their quarterly balances at designated points, and the 
superintendence of the rendition by postmasters of their quarterly returns of postages. 
It has charge of the dead letter office, of the issuing of postage stamps and stamped 
envelopes for the prepayment of postage, and of the accounts connected therewith. 

To the Third Assistant Postmaster General, all postmasters should direct their quar¬ 
terly returns of postage; those at draft offices, their letters reporting quarterly the 
net proceeds of their offices; and those at depositing offices, their certificates of de¬ 
posit ; to him should also be directed the weekly and monthly returns of the deposi¬ 
tories of the department, as well as all applications and receipts for postage stamp# 
and stamped envelopes, and for dead letters. 

Inspection Division, the head of which, the 2d Ass’t P. M. Gen., is assigned the duty 
of receiving and examining the registers of the arrivals and departures of the mails, 
certificates of the service of route agents, and reports of mail failures; of noting the 
delinquencies of contractors, and preparing cases thereon for the action of the Post¬ 
master-General ; furnishing blanks for mail registers, and reports of mail failures; 
providing and sending out mail bags and mail locks and keys ; the investigation of all 
cases of mail depredation, of violation of law by private expresses, or by the forging or 
illegal use of postage stamps. 

Thb Money Order Office, at the head of which is a Superintendent, has recently 
beei> established, and went into operation Nov. 1,1864. 

D.-DEPAUTMEWT OF AGRICEETIJRE. 

Sec. 1. Be it enacted hy tJie Senate and House of Rqn-esentatives of tJie United States of 
America^ in Congress assembled, That there is hereby established at the seat of govern¬ 
ment of the United States a Department of Agriculture, the general designs and duties 
of -which shall be to acquii-e and to diffuse among the people of the United States use¬ 
ful information on subjects connected with agriculture in the most general and compre¬ 
hensive sense of that word, and to procure, propagate, and distribute among the 
people new and valuable seeds and plants. 

Sec. 2. And he it further enacted, That there shall be appointed by the President, 
by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, a “ Commissioner of Agriculture,” 
who shall be the chief executive officer of the Department of Agriculture, who shall 
hold his office by a tenure similar to that of other civil officers appointed by the Presi¬ 
dent, and who shall receive for his compensation a salary of three thousand dollars per 
annum. 

Sec. 4. And he it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of the Commissioner of 
Agriculture to acquire and preserve in his department all information concerning 
agriculture -which he can obtain by means of books and correspondence and by practi¬ 
cal and scientific experiments (accurate records of which experiments shall be kept in 
hii office), by the collection of statistics and by any other appropriate means within 


12 


DEPARTMENTS OP GOVERNMENT. 


his power ; to collect, as he may be able, new and valuable seeds and plants; to test, 
by cultivation, the value of such of them as may require such tests ; to propagate such 
»6 may be worthy of propagation, and to distribute them among agriculturists. He 
shall annually make a general report in writing of his acts to the President and to Con¬ 
gress, in which he may recommend the publication of papers forming parts of or accom¬ 
panying his report, which report shall also contain an account of all moneys received 
and expended by him. He shall also make special reports on particular subjects when¬ 
ever required to do so by the President or either house of Congress, or when he shall 
think the subject in his charge requires it. He shall receive and have charge of all the 
property of the agricultural division of the Patent OfiSce in the Department of the 
Interior, including the fixtures and property of the propagating garden. He shall 
direct and superintend the expenditure of all money appropriated by Congress to the 
department, and render accounts thereof, and also of all money heretofore appropriated 
for agriculture and remaining unexpended. And said commissioner may send and 
receive through the mails, free of charge, all communications and other matter per¬ 
taining to the business of his department, not exceeding in weight thirty-two ounces. 

Sko. 4. Defines the duties of the Chief Clerk, and such other assistants as shall be 
appointed to carry this act into effect. 

Approved, May 15, 1862. 


THE EEGISEATIVE DEPARTMENT, 


Consists of the Senate and House of Representatives, there being two Senators from 
each State of the Union, and one representative for every 127,000 inhabitants, 
according to the Federal population in I860; making at the present time (1866), 
seventy-six Senators, two hundred and forty-two members of the House of Repre¬ 
sentatives, and nine Delegates from Territories : as follows: 


Alabama*. 6 

Arkansas*. 3 

California. 3 

Connecticut. 4 

Delaware. 1 

Florida*. 1 

Georgia*. 7 

Illinois. 14 

Indiana.11 

Iowa. 6 

Kansas. 1 

Kentucky. 9 


Louisiana*. 6 

Maine. 6 

Maryland. 6 

Massachusetts. 10 

Michigan. 6 

Minnesota. 2 

Mississippi *o. 5 

Missouri. 9 

New Hampshire. 3 

New Jersey. 6 

New York.31 

North Carolina*. 7 

Nevada. 1 


Ohio. 19 

Oregon. l 

Pennsylvania.24 

Rhode Island. 2 

South Carolina*. 4 

Tennessee . 8 

Texas*. 4 

Vermont. 3 

Virginia*. 8 

West Virginia. 3 

Wisconsin. 8 

Total. 


The compensation of each Senator and Representative is ^5,000 a year, or $10,000 
for each Congress, (two years,) and $4 for every twenty miles of estimated distance 
from the place of residence. 


* Seceded from the Union in 1860-61, and not at present represented. 











































THE 


CONSTITUTION 

OF THE 

UNITED STATES. 


We, the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, Preamble, 
establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility, provide for the common de¬ 
fence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to 
ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the 
United States of America. 


ARTICLE I.— Section 1. 

1. All legislative powers herein granted, shall be vested in a Congress of Of the 
the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and a House of Repre- legislative 
sentatives. 

Section 2. 

1. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen Of the house 
every second year by the people of the several states; and the electors in of reprcsen- 
each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most nu- 

merous branch of the state legislature. 

2. No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the Ib. 
age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, 
and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in which he 
shall be chosen. 

3. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the sev- Ib. 
eral states which may be included within this Union, according to their re¬ 
spective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number 

of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and ex¬ 
cluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual enum¬ 
eration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Con¬ 
gress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in 
such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of representatives 
shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each state shall have at 
least one representative ; and until such enumeration shall be made, the state 
of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three ; Massachusetts, eight; 

Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, one; Connecticut, five ; New 
York, six; New Jersey, four; Pennsylvania, eight; Delaware, one ; Mary¬ 
land, six; Virginia, ten; North Carolina, five ; South Carolina, five ; and 
Georgia, three. 

4. When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the exe- Ib. 

Cutive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. 

6. The House of Representatives shall choose their speaker and other ofi^- ji,, 
cers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment. 




14 


CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 


Of the 
Benate. 

Ib. 


Ib. 

Ib. 

Ib. 

Ib. 

Ib. 


Manner of 

electing 

members. 


Congress to 

assemble 

annually. 

Powers. 

Ib. 

Ib. 


Section 8. 

1. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators from 
each state, chosen by the legislature thereof, for six years ; and each senator 
shall have one vote. 

2. Immediately after they shall be assembled inconsequence of the first 
election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The 
seats of the senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the 
second year, of the second class- at the expiration of the fourth year, and of 
the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may bo 
chosen every second year ; and if vacancies happen, by resignation or other¬ 
wise, during the recess of the legislature of any state, the executive thereof 
may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the legislature, 
which shall then fill such vacancies. 

3. No person shall be a senator who shall not have obtained the age of 
thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who 
shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he shall be 
chosen. 

4. The vice-president of the United States shall be president of the senate, 
but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided. 

5. The senate shall choose their other officers, aud also a president pro- 
tempore in the absence of the vice-president, or when he shall exercise the 
office of president of the United States. 

6. The senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When 
sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath of affirmation. When the pres¬ 
ident of the United States is tried, the chief justice shall preside ; and no per¬ 
son shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members 
present. 

7. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to re¬ 
moval from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, 
trust, or profit under the United States ; but the party convicted shall never¬ 
theless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment, 
according to law. 

Section 4. 

1. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for senators and 
representatives, shall be prescribed in each state by the legislature thereof; 
but the congress may at any time, by law, make or altar such regulations, 
except as to the places of choosing senators. 

2. The congress shall assemble at least once in every year; and such 
meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law 
appoint a different day. 


Section 6. 

1. Each house shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and qualifica¬ 
tions of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum 
to do business ; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and 
may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such 
manner and under such penalties as each house may provide. 

2. Each house may determine the rule of its proceedings, punish its mem¬ 
bers for disorderly behavior, and with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a 
member. 

3. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to 
time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, re¬ 
quire secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either house on any 
question, shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the 
journal. 


CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 


15 


4. Neither house, during the session of congress, shall, without the con- Powers, 
sent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place 
than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. 

Section 6. 

1. The senators and representatives shall receive a compensation for their Compensa- 
services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the treasury of the United 
States. They shall, in all cases, except treason, felony, and breach of the 

peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of 
their respective houses, and in going to and returning from the same ; and for 
any speech or debate in either house, they shall not be questioned in any 
other place. 

2. No senator or representative shall, during the time for which he wasib. 
elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United 
States, Which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have 
been increased, during such time ; and no person holding any office under 
the United States shall be a member of either house during his continuance 
in office,. 

Section 7. 

1. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the house of representa- Mapnor of 
tives; but the senate may propose or concur with amendments, as on other P'^ssing bilJj, 
bills. 

2. Every bill which shall have passed the house of representatives and the ib. 
senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the president of the 
United States; if he approve, he shall sign it; but if not, he shall return it 
with his objections, to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall 
enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. 

If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of that house shall agree to pass the 
bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by 
which it shall likewise be reconsidered ; and if approved by two-thirds of that 
house, it shall become a law. But in all such cases, the votes of both houses 
shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting 
for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respec¬ 
tively. If any bill shall not be returned by the president within ten days 
(Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall 
be a law in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the congress by their 
adjournment prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. 

3. Every order, resolution or vote, to which the concurrence of the senate j], 
and house of representatives may bo necessary (except on a question of ad¬ 
journment), shall be presented to the president of the United States, and be¬ 
fore the same shall take effect, shall be approved by him; or being disap¬ 
proved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the senate and house of 
representatives, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case 
of a bill. 

Section 8. 

The Congress shall have powers 

1. To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises; to pay the debts, Powers of 
and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the United Co^gresa. 
States ; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout the 
United States. 

2. To borrow money on the credit of the United States: 

3. To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several 
states, and with the Indian tribes: 

4. To establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the 
subject of bankruptcy throughout the United States: 


16 


CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 


Powers of 6. To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix 
Coa^jreas. standard of weights and measures : 

6. To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and cur¬ 
rent coin of the United States : 

7. To establish post-offices and post-roads : 

8. To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for lim¬ 
ited times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their respective 
writings and discoveries: 

9. To constitute tribunals inferior to the supreme court; to define and pun¬ 
ish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offences against the 
law of nations: 

10. To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules 
concerning captures on land and water : 

11. To raise and support armies; but no appropriation of money to that 
use shall be for a longer terra than two years: 

12. To provide and maintain a navy : 

13. To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval 
forces: 

14. To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, 
suppress insurrections, and repel invasions: 

15. To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for 
governing such parts of them as may be employed in the service of the United 
States ; reserving to the states respectively the appointment of the officers, 
and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed 
by congress: 

16. To execute exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever; over such dis¬ 
trict (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, 
and the acceptance of congress, become the seat of government of the United 
States ; and to exercise the like authority over all places purchased, by the 
consent of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erec¬ 
tion of forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards and other needful buildings: and 

17. To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into 
execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this consti¬ 
tution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer 
thereof. 

Section 9. 

Limitation of 1. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the states now 
the powers existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by congress prior 
of Congress. thousand eight hundred and eight; but a tax or duty may be 

imposed on such importation not exceeding ten dollars for each person. 

2. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, un¬ 
less when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it. 

3. No bill of attainder, or ex-post facto law, shall be passed. 

4. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to 
the census or enumeration hereiSi-before directed to be taken. 

5. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state. No 
preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the 
ports of one state over those of another; nor shall vessels bound to or from 
one state, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. 

6. No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence of ap¬ 
propriations made by law ; and a regular statement and account of the re¬ 
ceipts and expenditures of all the public money shall be published from time 
to time. 

7. No title'of nobility shall be granted by the United States; and no person 
holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the consent of 
the congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind 
whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state. 


CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATE!. 


17 


Section 10. 

1. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant I^™hation of 
letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make any- powers of 
thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts ; pass any bill of ual sut^\ * 
attainder, or ex-post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts; 

or grant any title of nobility. 

2. No state shall, without the consent of the congress, lay any imposts or Ib. 
duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for 
executing its inspection laws ; and the nett produce of all duties and imposts 
laid by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the Treasury 
of the United States, and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and 
control of the congress. No state shall, without the consent of congress, lay 
any duty of tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into 
any agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or en¬ 
gage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not 
admit of delay 

ARTICLE II.— Section 1. 

1. The Executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States Executive 
of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years; and, to- power, 
gether with the vice-president, chosen for the same term, be elected as 
follows: 

2. Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature thereof may Manner of 
direct, a number of electors equal to the whole number of senators andrepre- 
sentatives to which the state may be entitled in the congress ; but no senator 

or representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the 
United States, shall be appointed an elector. 

3. The electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for Ih. 
two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same state 
with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and 

of the number of votes for each ; which list they shall sign and certify, and 
transmit sealed to the seat of government of the United States, directed to 
the president of the senate. The president of the senate shall, in the presence 
of the senate and house of representatives, open all the certificates, and the 
votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes 
shall be the president, if such number be a majority of the whole number of 
electors appointed ; and if there be more than one who have such majority, 
and have an equal number of votes, then the house of representatives shall 
immediately choose, by ballot, one of them for president; and if no person 
have a majority, then, from the five highest on the list; the .said house shall, 
in like manner, choose the president. But in choosing the president, the 
votes shall be taken by states, the representatives from each state having one 
vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from 
two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to 
a choice. In every case, after the choice of the president, the person having 
the greatest number of votes of the electors, shall be the vice-president. But 
if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the senate shall 
choose from them, by ballot, the vice-president. 

4. The congress may determine the lime of choosing the electors, and the Time of 
day on which they shall give their votes, which day shall be the same through- 

out the United States. 

5. No person, except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United Who eligible. 
States at the time of the adoption of this constitution, shall be eligible to the 

office of president; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who 
shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years 
a resident within the United States. 


18 


CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 


When the 
president’s 
powers de¬ 
volve on 
vice presi¬ 
dent. 


President’s 

compensa¬ 

tion. 


Oath. 


Powers and 
duties. 


Ib. 


OlBcers 

removed. 


6. In case of tlie removal of the president from oflSce, or of his death, resi;?- 
nation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the 
same shall devolve on the vice-president; and the congress may, by law, 
provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the 
president and vice-president, declaring what officer shall then act as presi¬ 
dent ; and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, 
or a president shall be elected. 

7. The president shall, at stated times, receive for his services a compen¬ 
sation, which shall neither be increased or diminished during the period for 
which he shall have been elected; and he shall not receive within that period 
any other emolument from the United States, or any of them. 

8. Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the following 
oath of affirmation : 

9. “ I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office 
of President of the United States; and will, to the best of my ability, pre 
serve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States.” 


Section 2. 

1. The President shall be commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the 
United States, and of the militia of the several states, when called into the 
actual service of the United States. He may require the opinion, in writing, of 
the principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject 
relating to the duties of their respective offices; and he shall have power to 
grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States, except in 
cases of impeachment. 

2. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the senate, 
to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the senators present concur; and he 
shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the senate, shall 
appoint ambassadors and other public ministers and consuls, judges of the 
supreme court, and all other officers of the United States, whose appoint¬ 
ments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established 
by law. But the congress may, by laAV, vest the appointment of such inferior 
officers as they think proper, in the president alone, in the courts of law, or 
in the heads of departments. 

3. The president shall have power to fill any vacancies that may happen 
during the recess of the senate, by granting commissions, which shall expire 
at the end of their next session. 


Section 3. 

1. He shall from time to time, give to the congress information of the state 
of the Union, and recomineiKl to their consideration such measures as he 
shall judge necessary and expedient. He may, on extraordinary occasions, 
convene both houses, or either of them; and in case of disagreement between 
them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such 
time as he shall think proper. He shall receive ambassadors and other public 
ministers. He shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall 
commission all the officers of the United States. 


Section 4. 

1. The president, vice-president, and all civil officers of the United States, 
shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, 
bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. 


CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 


19 


ARTICLE III.— Section I. 

1. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one supreme ^ judi- 
court, and in such inferior courts as the congress may, from time to time, 
ordain and establish. The judges, both of the supreme and inferior courts, 
shall hold their offices during good behaviour ; and shall, at stated times, re¬ 
ceive for their services a compensation, which shall not be diminished during 
their continuance in office. 


Section 2. 

1. The judicial power shall extend to all cases in law and equity arising of the judi- 
under this constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or ciary. 
which shall be made, under their authority; to all cases affecting ambassa¬ 
dors, other public ministers and consuls; to all cases of admiralty and mar¬ 
itime jurisdiction ; to controversies to which the United States shall be a 

party ; to controversies between two or more states; between a state and 
citizens of another state, between citizens of different states, between citizens 
of the same state claiming lands under grants of different states, and between 
a state, or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens or subjects. 

2. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, Jurisdiction 
and those in which a state shall be a party, the supreme court shall have 
original jurisdiction. In all other cases before mentioned, the supreme court 

shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such excep¬ 
tions, and under such regulations as the congress shall make. 

3. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by Of trials for 
jury, and such trial shall be held in the state where the said crimes shall have ®*'*“®^* 
been committed ; but when not committed within any state, the trial shall 

be at such place or places as the congress may by law have directed. 

Section 3. 

1. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war Of treason, 
against them, or adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. 

No person shall be convicted of treason, unless on the testimony of two wit¬ 
nesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. 

2. The congress shall have the power to declare the punishment of treason; 
but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture,! 
except during the life of the person attained. 

ARTICLE IV.— Section 1. 

1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts, re- state acts, 
cords, and judicial proceedings of every other state ; and the congress may, 
by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and 
proceedings, shall be proved, and the effect thereof. 

Section 2. 

1. The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges and immu- Privileges of 

nities of citizens in the several states. citizens; 

2. A person charged in any state with treason, felony, or other crime, who Fugitives 
shall flee from justice, and be found in another state, shall, on demand of the 
executive authority of the state from which he fled, be delivered up, to be edup* 
removed to the state having jurisdiction of the crime. 

3. No person held to service or labor in one state under the laws thereof. Runaways to 
escaping into another, shall in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be delivered 
be discharged from such service or labor ; but shall be delivered up on claim “P’, 

of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. 


20 


CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 


New states. 


Territorial 
and other 
property. 


Guarantee of 

protection, 

Ac. 


Amend¬ 

ments. 


Debts. 


Supreme law 
of the land. 


Oath. 


No religious 

test. 


Section 3. 

1. New states may be admitted by the congress into this Union ; but no 
new state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other 
state, nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more states or parts 
of states, without the consent of the legislatures of the states concerned, as 
well as of the congress. 

2. The congress shall have power to dispose of, and make all needful rules 
and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the 
United States; and nothing in this constitution shall be so construed as to 
prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular state. 

Section 4. 

1. The United States shall guarantee to every state in this Union a repub¬ 
lican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion; 
and, on application of the legislature, or of the executive, (when the legisla¬ 
ture cannot be convened,) against domestic violence. 

ARTICLE V. 

1. The congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it neces¬ 
sary, shall propose amendments to this constitution ; or, on the application 
to the legislatures of two-thirds of the several states, shall call a convention 
for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents 
and purposes, as part of this constitution, when ratified by the legislatures 
of three-fourths of the several states, or by conventions in three-fourths 
thereof, as the one or the other mode cf ratification may be proposed by the 
congress ; provided that no amendment which may be made prior to the 
year one thousand eight hundred and eight, shall in any manner affect the 
first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article; and that no 
state, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the senate. 

ARTICLE VI. 

1. All debts contracted and engagements entered into, before the adoption 
of this constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this 
constitution, as under the confederation. 

2. This constitution, and the laws of the United States, which shall be 
made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, 
under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the 
land; and the judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in the 
constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding. 

3. The senators and representatives before mentioned, and the members 
of the several state legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both 
of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound by oath or 
affirmation to support this constitution; but no religious test shall ever be 
required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States. 

ARTICLE VIL 

1. The ratification of the conventions of nine states shall be sufficient for 
the establishment of this constitution between the states so ratifying the 
same. 


Done in convention oy the unanimous consent of the states 
present, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our 
Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the 
Independence of the United States of America, the twelfth. 
In witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names. 

GEORGE WASHINGTON. 
President and Dejmty from Virginia. 


CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 


21 


AMENDMENTS 

TO THE 

CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 

[The following amendments were proposed at the first session of the first congress of 
the United SUtes, which was begun and held at the city of New York, on the 4th of 
March, 1789, and were adopted by the requisite number of states. (1 vol. laws of U S. 
page 72.) ’ ’ 

The following preamble and resolution preceded the original proposition of the amend¬ 
ments, and as they have been supposed by a high equity judge, (8th Wendell’s Reports 
p. 100,) to have an imjiorUnt bearing on the construction of those amendments, they are 
here inserted. They will be found in the journals of the first session of the first congress.] 

CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, 

Begun and held at the City of New York, on Wednesday, the 4tA of March, 1789. 

The conventions of a number of the states having, at the time of their adopting the 
constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction and abuse of its 
powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added, and as extending 
the ground of public confidence in the government will best insure the beneficient ends of 
its inctitution: 

Resolved, By the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, 
in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both houses concurring, that the following articles 
be proposed to the legislatures of the several states, as amendments to the constitution 
of the United States ; all or any of which articles, when ratified by three-fourths of the 
said legislatures, to be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of the said constitution, 
namely; 

Article 1. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of pree exercise 
religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof : or abridging the freedom of religion, 
of speech or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, 
and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. 

Art. 2. A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free Right to bear 
state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed, arms. 

Art. 3. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house, with- No soldier to 
out the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be ^®lJ>heted, 
prescribed by law. 

Art. 4. The right of he people to be secure in their persons, houses, Unreasona- 
papers and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be bl® searches 
fiolated ; and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported 
Dy oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, 
and the persons or things to be seized. 

Art. 5. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise in- Criminal 
famous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except 
in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual 
service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for 
the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be 
compelled, in any criminal case, to bo a witness against himself, nor be de¬ 
prived of life, liberty or property, without due process of law; nor shall 
private property be taken for public use, without ju.st compensation. 

Art. 6. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a Mode of trial, 
speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein 
the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been pre- 
viou.sly ascertained by law ; and to be informed of the nature aud cause of 
the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him ; to have 
compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the 
assistance of counsel for his defence. 


22 


CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 


Right of trial 
by jury. 


Bail, fines. 

Rights not 
enumerated. 

Powers re¬ 
served. 


Limitation of 
the judicial 
power. 


Dection of 
president- 


Tice presi¬ 
dent 


Art. 7. In suits of common law, where the value in controversy shall cx* 
ceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved ; and no 
fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United 
States, than according to the rules of the common law. 

Art. 8. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, 
nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted. 

Art. 9. The enumeration in the constitution of certain rights, shall not be 
construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. 

Art. 10. The powers not delegated to the United States by the constitu¬ 
tion, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respect¬ 
ively, or to the people. 

[The following amendment w.'is proposed at the .second session of the third congress 
It is printed in the Laws of the United States, 1st vol., p. 73, as article 11.] 

Art. 11. The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed 
to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one 
of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or subjects 
of any foreign state. 

[The three following sections were proposed as amendments at the first session of the 
eighth congress. They are printed in the Laws of the United Stales as article 12.] 

Art. 12.—1. The electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote 
by ballot for president and vice-president, one of whom, at least, shall not 
be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves. They shall name in 
their ballots the person voted for as president, anl in distinct ballots, the 
person voted for as vice-president; and they shall make distinct lists of all 
persons voted for as president, and of all persons voted for as vice-president, 
and of the number of votes for each; which lists they shall sign and certify, 
and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, 
directed to the president of the senate. The president of the senate shall, 
in the presence of the senate and house of representatives, open all the cer¬ 
tificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest 
number of votes for president, shall be the president, if such number be a 
majority of the whole number of electors appointed ; and if no person have 
such majority, then from the persons haTJing the highest numbers, not exceed¬ 
ing three, on the list of those voted for as president, the house of represent¬ 
atives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the president. But, in choosing 
the president, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from 
each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a 
member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the 
states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the house of representatives 
shall not choose a president whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon 
them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the vice-president 
shall act as president, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disa¬ 
bility of the president. 

2. The person having the greatest number of votes as vice-president shall 
be the vice-president, if such number be a majority of the whole number of 
electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two 
highest numbers on the list, the senate shall choose the vice-president. A 
quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of 
senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. 

3. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of president, shall 
be eligible to that of vice-president of the United States. 


23 

PROPOSED CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT, 

Passed by Congress, June 13, 1866. 

“ JResolved by the Senate and Home of Representatives of the United States of 
America, in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring. That the fol¬ 
lowing article be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States as an amend¬ 
ment to the Constitution of the United States, which, when ratified by three-fourths 
of the said Legislatures, shall be valid as a part of the Constitution, namely: 

“Article 14 — Section 1. —All persons born or naturalized in the United States, 
and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and of the 
State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall 
abridge the privileges and immunities of citizens of the United States. Nor shall 
any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of 
law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of 
the laws. 

^‘Section 2.—Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States 
according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in 
each State, excluding Indians not taxed ; but whenever the right to vote at any 
election for electors of President and Vice-President, or United States Representa¬ 
tives in Congress, executive and judicial officers, or the members of the Legisla¬ 
ture thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty- 
one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except, 
for participation in rebellion or other crimes, the basis of representation therein 
shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall 
bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in that State. 

“ Section 3.—No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, elector 
of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the 
United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath as a mem¬ 
ber of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State, 
Legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Con¬ 
stitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion 
against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof; but Congress 
may, by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability. 

“ Section 4.—The validity of the public debt of the United States authorized by 
law, including debts incurred for the payment of pensions and bounties for service 
in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, sliall not be questioned, but neither the 
United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in 
aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss 
or emancipation of any slave, but all such debts, obligations, and claims, shall be 
illegal and void.” 


24 

THE CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT. 


The President (June 22) sent the following Message to the Senate and 
House of Kepresentatives: 

“ I submit to Congress a report of the Secretary of State, to whom was referred 
the concurrent resolution of the 18th instant, respecting a submission to the Legis¬ 
latures of the States of an additional article to the Constitution of the United States. 

“ It will be seen from this report, that the Secretary of State had, on the 16th 
instant, transmitted to the Governors of the several States certified copies of the 
joint resolution passed on the 13th, proposing an amendment to the Constitution. 

“ Even in ordinary times, a question of amending the Constitution must be justly 
regarded as of paramount importance. This importance is at the present time 
enhanced by the fact that the joint resolution was not submitted by the two Houses 
for the approval of the President, and that of the thirty-si.x States which constitute 
the Union, eleven are excluded from representation in either House of Congress, 
although with the single exception of Texas, they have been restored to all their 
functions as States, in conformity with the organic law of the land, and have 
appeared at the national capitol by Senators and Representatives, who have applied 
for and been refused admission to the vacant seats ; nor have the sovereipi people 
of the nation been afforded an opportunity of expressing their views on the important 
questions which the amendment involves. 

“ Grave doubts, therefore, may naturally and justly arise, as to whether the action 
of Congress is in harmony with the sentiments of the people, and whether State 
Legislatures, elected without reference to such an issue, should be called upon by 
Congress to decide respecting the ratification of the proposed amendment. Waiving 
the question as to the constitutional validity of the proceedings of Congress upon 
the joint resolution proposing the amendment, or as to the merits of the article 
which it submits through the Executive Department to the Legislatures of the 
States, I deem it proper to observe that the steps taken by the Secretary of State, 
as detailed in the accompanying report, are to be considered as purely ministerial, 
and in no sense whatever committing the Executive to an approval of the recom¬ 
mendation of the amendment to the State Legislatures, or to the people. On the 
contrary, a proper appreciation of the letter and spirit of the Constitution, as well 
as the interests of national order, harmony, and union, and a deference for an 
enlightened public judgment, may at this time well suggest d doubt whether any 
amendment to the Constitution ought to be proposed by Congress, and pressed on the 
Legislatures of the several States for final decision, until after the admission of such 
Senators and Representatives of the now unrepresented States as are now, or here¬ 
after may be chosen, in conformity with the Constitution and law's of the United States. 

Washington, June 22, 1866. ANDREW JOHNSON.” 

Appended to the above message, is a communication from the Secretary of State, 
addressed to the President, in which he reports that on the 16th instant, the Hon. 
Amasa Cobb, of the Committee of the House Of Representatives on Enrolled Bills, 
brought to this Department aud deposited therein an enrolled resolution of the tw'o 
Houses of Congress, which w’as thereupon read by the Secretary of State, and 
deposited among the rolls of the Department, a copy of which is hereunto annexed. 
Thereupon the Secretary of State, on the 16ih inst., in conformity with the pro¬ 
ceeding which was adopted by him in 1865, in regard to the then proposed, and 
afterwards adopted, constitutional amendment of the United States concerning the 
prohibition of slavery, transmitted certified copies of the annexed resolution to the 
Governors of the several States, together with a certificate and circular letter. 

“Department of State, Washington, June 16, 1866. 


“ To His Excellency the Governor of the State of -, 

*• Sir : I have the honor to transmit an attested copy of a resolution of Congress, 
proposing to the Legislatures of the several States a fourteenth article to the Constitu¬ 
tion of the United States. The decisions of the several Legislatures upon the subject are 
required by law to be communicated to this Department. ^ ^ v 

“ An acknowledgment of the receipt of this communication is requested 
Excellency’s obedient servant, (Sinned) WM. H. SEWARD. 


(Signed) 


25 


STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES. 


The united STATES OF AMERICA, 
with its Territories, extends from the 
Atlantic west to the Pacitic Ocean, occu¬ 
pying the middle division of North Amer¬ 
ica ; being bounded on the north by the 
British Possessions, and on the south by 
the Gulf of Mexico and the Republic of 
Mexico. It lies between 26*^ and 49° of 
north latitude, and between 59' and 
1250 west longitude from Greenwich ; or 
between IQO 1' east and 48^ west longi¬ 
tude from Washington City. Its greatest 
length from east to west is estimated at 
8,000 miles, and its greatest breadth from 
north to south 1,7(W miles; containing 
an estimated area of 3,250,000 square 
miles. It has a frontier line of al>out 
10,000 miles, of which 3,500 miles is along 
the Atlantic coast and Gulf of Mexico, 
and 1,620 miles on the Pacific Ocean and 
Straits of Juan de Fuca. Its surface em¬ 
braces about one third of North America, 
including the West India Islands, being 
about one-twentieth of the land of the 
whole earth. It was first discovered to 
the inhabitants of the Old World by John 
Cabot, A.D. 1497, being five years after 
the landing of Columbus at St. Salvador. 

The first permanent English settle¬ 
ment in the United States was at James¬ 
town, Virginia, in 1607,* which contin¬ 
ued an English colony till the Declaration 
of Independence, July 4, 1776. After a 
war of seven years’ duration, peace was 
made, and independence acknowledged 
by treaty with England in 1783. 

The articles of Confederation were en¬ 
tered into in 1777. The present United 
States Constitution, framed in 1787, went 
into operation March 1st, 1789, after 
b<dng approved of by the thirteen original 
States of the Union. Louisiana, corn- 
rising the States and Territories now 
elonging to the United States west of 
the Mississippi, was purchased of France 


in 1803, and Florida of Spain in 1819. 
Texas was admitted into the Union by 
“Joint Resolutions” of Congress, passed 
March 1, 1845. New Mexico and Upper 
California, including Utah, were acquired 
by treaty with Mexico, ratified in 1848. 
Arizona was acquired by treaty wdth 
Mexico, ratified in June, 1854. 

In the District of Columbia, originally 
formed by cessions from Maryland and 
Virginia,! is situated Washington City, 
the United States seat of Government, 
being first occupied in 1800. The Dis¬ 
trict and Capital are exclusively under 
the jurisdiction of the Federal Govern¬ 
ment. Congress meets on the first Mon¬ 
day in December in every year, unless 
otherwise directed by law. 

The population of the United States 
at the time of taking the first) Census in 
1790, was 3,929,328 ; in 1800,5,309,758; 
in 1810, 7,239,903 ; in 1820, 9,688,166; 
in 1830,12,866,020 ; in 1840,17,068.666 ; 
in 1850,23,191,876; in 1860,31,443,321 ; 
of the latter number 3,953,760 were slaves 
of African descent. 

The slave trade was prohibited by act 
of Congress after January 1, 1808. In 
1818, Congress declared the traffic to be 
piracy. Slavery was abolished in the 
District of Columbia in 1862 by act of 
Congress. 

Maine,Vermont, Louisiana, Kentucky, 
Tennessee, Florida, Texas, and fourteen 
Territorial Governments have been or¬ 
ganized and converted into States since 
the Revolution, making in all (in 1864) 
thirty-six States,! together with ten or¬ 
ganized Territories. 

Estimated population in 1870, 41,000,- 
000, being an increase of about three per 
cent, per annum, the same as the in¬ 
crease for the last sixty years. At the 
same ratio of increase, the population in 
1900 will amount to about 100,000,000. 


• St. Augustine, Florida, was settled in 1565 by the Spaniards. 

t The Virginia part, constituting the County of Alexandria, has been re-annexed to the abor* 
tate. 

; West Virginia was organized by act of Congress, approred December 31, 1862. 






2a 


STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES, 


STATES AAJtt TEKKITORIES. 


Tlie State Governjients are very sim¬ 
ilar to that of the Federal Government 
in their organization, being each com¬ 
posed of an executive, legislative, and 
judicial department. 

Hlaiiic*—Settled in 1625 by English ; 
belonged to Massachusetts till 1820, -when 
it was admitted into the Union as a State ; 
capital, Augusta. The elective franchise 
rests on a residence in the State of three 
months next preceding any election, for 
any citizen of the United States, except 
paupers and persons under guardianship. 
Area, 35,000 square miles. Population 
in 1850, 583,169; in 1860, 628,279. 

l\cw' Hampshire.—Settled in 1623 by 
English; acceded to the Union June, 
1788, being one of the original thirteen 
States; capital. Concord. Every male 
citizen of 21 years of age, except paupers, 
has the right to vote. Area, 9,280 square 
miles. Population in 1850, 317,976 ; in 
1860, 326,073. 

Vermont.—Settled in 1763 by English 
chiefly from Connecticut, under grants 
from NeAV Hampshire ; admitted into the 
Union in 1791 ; capital, IMontpelier. 
One year’s residence gives the right to 
vote to any citizen of the United States 
who will take an oath of allegiance. 
Area, 10,212 square miles. Population 
in 1850, 314,120 ; in 1860, 315,098. 

.llassachusctts. — Settled in 1620 by En¬ 
glish Puritans, who landed at Plymouth ; 
acceded to the Union in February, 1788 ; 
capital, Boston. One year’s residence in 
the State, and payment of a State or 
county tax, gives the right to vote to 
every male citizen of 21 years and up¬ 
ward, excepting paupers and persons un¬ 
der guardianship. * Area, 7,800 square 
miles, being the chief manufacturing and 
most densely populated State in the 
Union. Pooulatiun in 1850, 994,514 ; in 
1860, 1,231,066. 

lshod« Island.—Settled in 1631 by En¬ 
glish from Massachusetts ; acceded to the 
Union in May, 1790 ; capitals. Provi¬ 
dence and Newport. By the constitu¬ 
tion recently adopted, the qualifications 
for voting may be stated, omitting de¬ 
tails, to be a freehold possession of $13 ; 
or, if in reversion, renting for ^7, to¬ 
gether with a year’s residence in the State 
and six months in the town; or, if no 


freehold,then two years’ residence in the 
State and six months in the town, and 
payment of a dollar of tax, or militia ser¬ 
vice instead. Area, 1,306 square miles. 
Population in 1850, 147,545; in 1860, 
174,620. 

Connecticut.—Settled in 1633 by En¬ 
glish from Massachusetts ; acceded to 
the Union in January, 1788; capitals. 
New PIaven and Hartford. Eesidence 
for six months, or militia duty for a year, 
or payment of State tax, or a freehold of 
the yearly value of $7, gives the right to 
vote. Area, 4,750 square miles. Popu¬ 
lation in 1850, 370,792; in 1860,460,147. 

liiew York.—Settled in 1613 by Dutch; 
submitted to the English in 1664; re¬ 
taken by the Dutch In 1673 ; restored to 
the English in 1674 ; acceded to the 
Union in July, 1788; being the most 
populous, wealthy, and commercial State 
of the Union ; capital, Albany. One 
year’s residence in the State and six 
months in the county gives the right to 
vote ; but every man of color must have 
a residence of three years, and have 
owned and paid taxes on a freehold as¬ 
sessed at $250 for a year. Area, 46,000 
square miles. Population in 1850, 3,097,- 
394 ; in 1860, 3,880,735. 

New Jersey.—Settled in 1627 by 
Swedes ; conquered by the Dutch in 
1655 ; submitted to the English in 1664 ; 
acceded to the Union in December, 1787 ; 
capital, Trenton. One year’s residence 
in the State gives the right to vote, ex¬ 
cept to paupers, etc. Area, 8,320 square 
miles. Population in 1850, 489,555 ; in 
1860, 672,035. 

Pennsylvania.—Settled in 1682 by En¬ 
glish ; acceded to the Union in Decem¬ 
ber, 1787 ; capital, Harrisburg. One 
year’s residence in the State and ten days 
in the election district, and payment of 
a State or county tax, assessed ten days 
prior to an election, gives the right to 
vote, except that citizens between 21 and 
22 years of age need not have paid a tax. 
Area, 47,000 square miles. Population 
in 1850, 2,311,786 ; in 1860, 2,906,115, 
ranking as the second State in wealth 
and population. 

Delaware.—Settled in 1627 by Swedes; 
granted to William Penn in 1682; sep¬ 
arated in 1703 ; acceded to the Union in 



STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES, 


27 


December, 1787 ; capital, DovEm. Qual- 
itication of voters same as in Pennsylva¬ 
nia. Area, 2,120 square miles. Popu¬ 
lation in 1850, 91,532 ; in 1860, 112,216, 
of whom 1,798 were slaves. 

Maryland,—Settled in 1634 by En¬ 
glish ; acceded to the Union in April, 
1788 ; capital, Annapolis. Onq year’s 
residence in the State and six months in 
the county gives the right to vote to 
every white male citizen. Area, 11,124 
square miles. Population in 1850, 583,- 
034; in 1860, 687,049, of whom 87,188 
were slaves. Slavery abol. Nov. 1,1864. 

West Virginia,—This new State, de¬ 
tached from the old State of Virginia by 
popular will, was admitted into the Union 
by act of Congress, approved December 
31, 1862, “upon the condition that cer¬ 
tain changes should be duly made in the 
proposed constitution for that State,” 
which changes being approved by popu¬ 
lar vote of the people, the President of 
the United States, by proclamation, 
dated the 20th April, 1863, in pursuance 
of the act of Congress aforesaid, declared 
and proclaimed that the said act shall 
take effect and be in force on the 20th 
day of June, 1863. An election for State 
officers was held on Thursday, May 28th, 
and on the 20th June following the Grov- 
ernor and State officers were duly inau¬ 
gurated. Capital, Wheeling. The new 
State comprises forty-eight counties, ly¬ 
ing west of the Alleghany Mountains ; 
having an estimated area of 24,000 square 
miles, and a population, according to the 
Census of 1860, of 350,599, of whom 12,- 
754 were slaves. It is rich in iron, coal, 
salt springs, etc., and has a large amount 
of fertile and arable lands lying on the 
east bank of the Ohio Eiver and in the 
valleys of the Alleghany Mountains, to¬ 
gether with a mild and salubrious clim¬ 
ate, well adapted to free white labor. 

Virginia.*—Settled in 1607 by English, 
being one of the most important of the 
thirteen original States ; acceded to the 
Union in June, 1788 ; capital, Kichmond. 
A freehold in possession, or in the occu¬ 
pancy of only a tenant-at-will or suffer¬ 
ance, worth $25 ; or the reversion of a 
freehold, to vest on the termination of a 
life estate, and worth $50 ; ora leasehold 


of the yearly value of $20 for a term of not 
less than five years ; or the payment of 
State tax within the year by a house¬ 
keeper who is the head of a family, and 
has a year’s residence, gives the right of 
voting to every citizen, except paupers, 
felons, and persons in the army and navy 
not having commissions. Area, 61,352 
square miles, including West Virginia. 
Population in 1850, 1,421,661; in 1860, 
1,596,318, of whom 490,887 were slaves. 
(See West Virginia.) 

Vorth Carolina.*— Settled in 1650 by 
English; acceded to the Union Novem¬ 
ber 21, 1789 ; capital, Kaleigii. Every 
freeman of the age of 21 years and up¬ 
ward who has resided one year in any 
county within the State, may vote for a 
member of the House of Commons, but 
must own fifty acres of land to vote for 
a senator. Area, 60,700 square miles. 
Population in 1850, 869,039 ; in 1860, 
992,622, of whom 331,081 were slaves. 

South Carolina.*—Settled in 1689 by 
English ; acceded to the Union May 23, 
1788; capital, Columbia. Voters, resi¬ 
dents of the State two years, who have 

paid a State tax, and resided six months 
in the district where voting. Area, 
34,000 square miles. Population in 
1850, 668,507 ; in 1860,703,708, of whom 
402,541 were slaves, being an excess of 
101,270 over the whites. 

Georgia.* —Settled in 1733 by English ; 
acceded to the Union January 2, 1788; 
capital, Milledgeville. Voters, citizens 
of the State and six months resident of 
the county where voting, and have paid 
taxes the year preceding the election. 
Area, 58,000 square miles. Population 
in 1850, 906,185 ; in 1860, 1,057,286, of 
whom 462,230 were slaves. 

Florida* (East and West).—Settled 
early by the Spaniards, being more than 
200 years under Spain ; was ceded to the 
United States in 1819 ; it was admitted 
into the Union March 3, 1845 ; capital, 
Tallahassee. Area, 59,268 square miles. 
Pop. in 1850, 87,445 ; in 1860, 140.425, 
of whom 61,753 were slaves. This State 
is tropical in its climate and products. 

Alabama.* —Settled in 1713 by French; 
admitted into the Union in 18i9, and is 


* The States of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Missis¬ 
sippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, Texas, and Tennessee seceded from the Union by resolution of ih.dr 
respective conventions during the years 1S60 and ’61. Rebellion ceased. April. 1865. 





28 


STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES. 


the chief cotton-growing State of the 
country; capital, Montgomkrt. Voters, 
white male citizens of the United States, 
one year resident of the State, and three 
months in the county where they shall 
offer to vote. Area, 60,722 square miles. 
Population in 1850, 771,623 ; in 1860, 
904,201, of whom 435,132 were slaves. 

nississippi.* —Settled in 1716, by 
French ; admitted into the Union in 
1817. Voters, citizens of the United 
States, one year resident in the State, 
and in the county four months, and 
have done military duty, or paid taxes ; 
capital, Jackson. Area, 47,156 square 
miles. Pop. in 1850, 606,526; in 1860, 
791,305, of whom 436,696 were slaves. 

Loaisiana** —Settled in 1699, by 
French; purchased of France in 1803 ; 
admitted into the Union in 1812. This 
is the greatest sugar-producing region of 
the country. Voters to reside two years 
in the State and one in the parish w'here 
they otfer to vote; capital. Baton Rouge. 
Area, 41,346 square miles. Population 
in 1850, 517,762 ; in 1860, 708,002, of 
whom 331,726 were slaves. 

Texks.* —Early settled by Spaniards, 
and more recently by emigrants from the 
United States ; formed a part of the Re¬ 
public of Mexico until 1836, when it de¬ 
clared its independence, and existed as a 
separate government until 1845, when it 
was admitted into the Union by “ Joint 
Resolutions for annexing Texas with the 
United States." Every free white male, 
21 years old, a citizen of the United 
States or Texas, who has resided in the 
State one year, and six months in the 
district where he offers to vote, shall 
have the right of suffrage; capital, Aus¬ 
tin. Area, 274,356 square miles. Popula¬ 
tion in 1850, 212,592 ; in 1860, 604,215, 
of whom 182,566 were slaves. According 
to the late act of Congress, “ the bound¬ 
ary of Texas on the north shall com¬ 
mence at the point at which the merid¬ 
ian of 100'^ west from Greenwich is 
intersected by the parallel of 36° 30' 
north, and shall run from said point due 
west to the meridian of 103° west from 
Greenwich, thence her boundary shall 
run due south to the 32^^ north latitude ; 
thence, on the said parallel of 32^ north, 
to the Rio Bravo del Norte, and thence 
with the channel of said river to the 
Gulf of Mexico." 


Arktinsas.*— Settled by French emi¬ 
grants from Louisiana ; admitted into 
the Union in 1836. Voters, citizens of 
the United States and resident in the 
State for six months, are entitled to vote 
in the county or district where they re¬ 
side ; capital, Little Rock. Area, 52,198 
square miles. Population in 1850, 209,- 
897 ; in 1860, 435,450, of whom 111,104 
were slaves. Slavery abol. March, 1864. 

Tennessee*'*' —Settled in 1765, by emi¬ 
grants from North Carolina and Vir¬ 
ginia ; admitted into the Union in 1796. 
Voters, citizens of the United States, and 
six months resident in the county where 
voting; capital, Nashville. Area,45,000 
square miles. Population in 1850,1,002,- 
717 ; in 1860,1,109,801, of whom 275,784 
were slaves. 

Kentucky* —Settled in 1775, by Vir¬ 
ginians ; admitted into the Union in 
1792. Voters, two years resident in the 
State, and in the county where offering 
to vote, one year preceding the election ; 
capital, Frankfort. Area, 37,680 square 
miles. Population in 1850, 982,405 ; in 
1860, 1,155,684, of whom 225,400 were 
slaves. 

Ohio* —Settled in 1788, by emigrants 
from Virginia and New England, being 
formed out of the Northwestern Territory 
ceded to the U. S. by Virginia ; admitted 
into the Union 1802. Voters, one year 
resident in the State preceding the elec¬ 
tion, having paid or been charged with 
State or county tax ; capital, Columbus. 
Area, 39,964 square miles. Population in 
1850, 1,980,329 ; in 1860, 2,339,502. 

ludiaua*— Settled in 1730, by French ; 
admitted into the Union in 1816. Vo¬ 
ters, one year resident of the State pre¬ 
ceding the election, entitled to vote in 
county of residence ; capital, Indianapo¬ 
lis. Area, 33,809 square miles. Popu- 
tion in 1850, 988,416; in 1860, 1,350,- 
428. 


Illinois* —Settled in 1749, by French ; 
admitted into the Union in 1818, hav¬ 
ing rapidly increased in wealth and pop 
ulation. Voters, all white male inhab 
itants resident in the State six months 
but can only vote in the county where 
actually residing; capital, Springfield. 
Area, 55,409 square miles. Population 
in 1850, 851,470; in 1860, 1,711,951. 

.Hissouri* —Settled in 1763, by French ; 
admitted into the Union in 1821. Vo 




STATISTICS OF TIIE UNITED STATES. 


ten, citizens of the United States, one 
year resident in the State next preceding 
the election, and three months in the 
county ; capital, Jeffekson City. Area, 
6o,0o7 square miles. Population in 
1850, 682,044; in 1860, 1,182,012— 
114,965 were slaves. Slavery abol. in 1864. 

Michigan. —Settled in 1670, by 
French ; admitted into the Union in 
1837. Voters, all white male citizens 21 
years of age, and ‘resident in the State 
six months preceding election ; capital, 
Lansing. Area, 56,243 square miles, 
including the Upper Peninsula, bounded 
by Lakes Michigan and Superior, where 
are extensive mines of copper and iron. 
Population in 1850, 397,654; in 1860, 
749,113. 

Iowa. —Settled by emigrants chiefly 
from the Northern and Eastern States; 
was formed into a territorial government 
by act of Congress in June, 1838, and 
admitted into the Union in December, 
1846. Every white male citizen of the 
United States 21 years old, having re¬ 
sided in the State six months, and in the 
county where he claims to vote, twenty 
days, shall have the right of suffrage ; 
capital, Des Moines. Area, 55,000 square 
miles. Population in 1850, 192,214; in 
1860, 674,948. 

WiscoDslo. —First settled by emigrants 
chiefly from the Northern and Eastern 
States, since largely augmented by emi¬ 
grants from Europe ; it was formed into 
a territorial government in 1836, and ad¬ 
mitted into the Union in 1848. All 
males, 21 years old, residents of the 
State for one year next before the elec¬ 
tion, who are white citizens of the United 
States, or white foreigners who have de¬ 
clared their intention to become citizens, 
or persons of Indian blood, once declared 
by the laws of the United States to be 
citizens, subsequent laws to the contrary 
notwithstanding, may vote; capital, 
Madison. Area, 53,924 square miles. 
Pop. in 1850, 305,391 ; in 1860, 775,881. 

niDDCSOta.—Organized as a Territory 
by act of Congress, passed March 3, 1849; 
was settled by emigrants chiefly from 
the Northern and Western States ; also 
inhabited by several tribes of Indians of 
a warlike character. Admitted into the 
Union February 26, 1857. Voters, every 
male person, aged twenty-one, of either 
of the fallowing classes, to wit: white 


29 

citizens of the United States; whit« 
persons of foreign birth, who have duly 
declared their intentions to become citi¬ 
zens ; persons of mixed white and Indian 
blood, who have adopted the customa 
and habits of civilization; and persons 
of Indian blood residing in the State, 
who have adopted the language, cus¬ 
toms, and habits of civilization, when 
pronounced capable by any District Court 
in the^ State, may vote, if they have re¬ 
sided in the United States one year, in 
the State four months, and in the elec¬ 
tion district ten days next preceding the 
election. Capital, St. Paul. Area, 83,- 
581 square miles. Population in 1860, 
172,023 whites, and about 25,000 In¬ 
dians. 

Kaostfl. —Organized as a Territory by 
act of Congress, passed May, 1854 ; set¬ 
tled by emigrants from the Eastern, 
Northern, and Southern States. Ad- 
mitbid into the Union January 29, 1861. 
It lies between 37° and 40° north lati¬ 
tude, being bounded on the east by the 
State of Missouri, and on the west by 
the twenty-fifth meridian of longitude 
west from Washington. For several 
years a fierce contest raged in this Terri¬ 
tory on the subject of slavery, but the 
strife was finally adjusted by its being 
admitted as a free State, that being the 
declared will of the majority of its in¬ 
habitants. Capital, Topeka. Area. 83,- 
000 square miles. Population in 1860, 
107,206. 

California*— Settled by Spaniards in 
1769, the early establishments being of a 
missionary and military character. The 
boundary of this large region of country 
was considered rather indefinite while un¬ 
der Mexican authority, in regard to its 
eastern limits. By treaty of peace with 
Mexico, ratified March 16, 1848, this Ter¬ 
ritory, together with New Mexico, was 
ceded to the United States. Admitted 
into the Union September, 1850. Its 
area is 169.000 square miles, lying be¬ 
tween the 32° and 42° of north latitude. 
The gold mines of this State are the 
most valuable and extensive of the 
known world. Every white male citizen 
of the United States, and every white 
male citizen of Mexico who shall have 
elected to become a citizen of the United 
States, under the treaty of peace ex¬ 
changed and ratified at Queret^o on the 



30 


STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES. 


30th of May, 1848, of the age of 21 
years, who shall have been a resident of 
the State six months next preceding the 
election, and the county or district in 
which he claims his vote, thirty days, 
shall be entitled to vote at all elections 
which are now, or hereafter may be, au¬ 
thorized by law. Capital, SacRAMraTO'. 
Population in 1852, from official returns, 
262,435 ; in 1860, 305,430. ■ 

Oregon.— This extensive region," in¬ 
cluding Washington Territory, was dis¬ 


covered by Captain Robert Gray, May 7, 
1702, who entered the Columbia River, 
to-winch he gave the name of his vessel. 
Settled by British belonging to the Hud¬ 
son Bay Company, and American emi¬ 
grants ; also, inhabited by numerous 
tribes of Indians. Organized as a Terri¬ 
tory August 4, 1848 ; admitted into the 
Union February 14, 1859. This is a 
fertile and healthy region of country. 
Capital, Eugene City. Area, 100,000 
square miles. Population 1860, 52,464. 


TERRITORIES. 


I'few Mexico. —This large Territory, as 
defined by Spanish or American author¬ 
ities, extended from 32^ 30' to 42^ north 
latitude, and from 23^ to about 33° lon¬ 
gitude west of the city of Washington. 
It was early settled by Spaniards, and 
formed a territory of the Republic of 
Mexico until 1848, wffien it was ceded to 
the United States. In September, 1850, 
this Territory was defined by act of 
Congress, and provision made for its or¬ 
ganization. Right of Suffrage. — Every 
free white male inhabitant, above the 
age of 21 years, who shall have been a 
resident of said Territory at the time of 
the passage of this act, shall be entitled 
to vote at the first election, and shall be 
eligible to any office within the said Ter¬ 
ritory ; but the qualifications of voters, 
and of holding office, at all subsequent 
elections, shall be such as shall be pre¬ 
scribed by the Legislative Assembly. 
Capital, Sante Fe. Est. area, 110,000 
square miles. Population in 1860, 61,- 
647; in 1860, 93,516. Within the 
bounds of this Territory and Arizona, 
are residing large tribes of Indians, 
many of a w’arlike character, roaming 
over this region and -western Texas, as 
well as the northern part of Mexico. 

I'tah.— Organized by act of Con¬ 
gress, passed Sept. 9, 1850, comprises a 
large extent of country lying in the 
“ Great Basin of North America,” west of 
the Rocky Mountains. It originally in¬ 
cluded a portion of the new Territories of 
Colorado on the east, and Nevada on the 
west. Capital, Great Salt Lake City, 
situated about two miles due east of the 
river Jordan, or Utah, near the base of a 
mountain, in north latitude 40° 45' ; 
west longitude from Greenwich, 111° 


26'; altitude, 4,300 feet above the level 
of the sea, being in the valley of the 
Great Salt Lake. Est. area, 121,000 
square miles. Population in 1850, 11,- 
380 ; in 1860, 40,273, being mostly Mor¬ 
mons, or “ Latter day Saints.” 

Nebraska Territory. — Organized by 
act of Congress, passed May, 1864 ; 
was mostly settled by emigrants from 
the Northern and Western States. It 
lies between 40® and 43° north latitude, 
being bounded on the east by the Mis¬ 
souri River, which separates it from the 
State or Iowa, and on the west by the 
104th parallel of longitude, dividing it 
from the Territory of Idaho. The Ne¬ 
braska or Platte River runs centrally 
nearly its entire length from east to west, 
its head w'aters rising near the South 
Pass of the Rocky Mountains. Capital, 
Omaha City. Est. area, 70,000 square 
miles. Population in 1860, 28,842. In 
addition to the white population, it is 
sparsely inhabited by roving tribes of 
Indians who hunt the buffalo and other 
wild game. 

Wasliluglon Territory. —Organized by 
act of Congress, passed March 2, 
1853 ; settled by emigrants from the 
Northern and Western States. It was 
taken from the northern part of Oregon, 

‘ ‘ being all that portion of territory ly¬ 
ing and being south of the 49th degree 
of north latitude, and north of the mid¬ 
dle of the main channel of the Columbia 
River, from its mouth to where the 46 th 
degree of north latitude crosses said 
river, near Fort Wallah Wallah, thence 
east to Snake River ; thence north to the 
49th parallel of latitude, being bounded 
on the east by the Territory of Idaho, and 
on the north bv the British Possessions. 





STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES. 


31 


Capital, Olympia, lying on Puget’s 
feound, in north latitude 47^ ; west lon¬ 
gitude from Greenwich 122° 25', having 
a mean annual temperature of 61o Fahr¬ 
enheit.* Est. area, 71,000 sqiUffe miles. 
Population in 1860, 11,594. 

Dakota Territory. — Organized by 
act of Congress, passed March 2, 1861, 
comprises a largo extent of country, 
being bounded on the east by Minnesota, 
south by Nebraska, west by the 27th de¬ 
gree of longitude west of Washington, 
separating it from the Territory of 
Idaho, and on the north by the British 
Possessions, running along the 49th par¬ 
allel of latitude. It is drained by the 
Missouri River on the south, and by the 
Red River of the North emptying into 
Hudson Bay, possessing, for the most 
part, a fine healthy climate and good 
soil; first settled on the north by emb 
grants in the employ of the Hudson Bay 
Company, and now being peopled by a 
hardy race of men from the Northern 
and Western States. Capital, Yaxkton. 
Est. area, 220,000 square miles. Popu¬ 
lation in 1860, 4,837 whites, and a large 
number of Indians ot different tribes. In 
this Territory the buffalo and other wild 
animals are found in great abundance. 

Colorado Territory.— Organized Mcxrch 
2, 1861, is included within the following 
limits, viz.: “Commencing on the 37th 
parallel of north latitude where the 25th 
meridian of longitude west from Washing¬ 
ton crosses the same ; thence north on said 
meridian to the 41st parallel of north lati¬ 
tude ; thence along said parallel west to 
the 32d meridian of longitude west from 
Washington ; thence south on said me¬ 
ridian to the northern line of New Mexi¬ 
co ; thence along the 37th parallel of 
north latitude to the place of begin- 
ing,” embracing “Pike’s Peak and the 
gold region in the vicinity of the Rocky 
Mountains.” Capital, Golden City. 
Est. area, 104,000 square miles. Popu¬ 
lation in 1860, 34,277 ; also many tribes 
of Indians. 'The climate of this elevat¬ 
ed country is remarkably healthy and 
invigorating, while “ the soil is rich and 


productive, being capable of producing 
corn, wheat, barley, potatoes, oats, tur¬ 
nips, and every kind of vegetable in 
profusion, and of most superior quality. 
The climate of the South Platte Valley, 
and of the mountain region, is mild and 
regular, and from its altitude very dry 
and of surprising purity. 

Nevada.—Organieed March 2, 1861, 
was admitted into the Union, Oct. 3, 
1864, by Act of Congress. It lies 
east of the Sierra Nevada'range of moun¬ 
tains, and mostly within the Great Ba¬ 
sin of North America. Gold and silver 
mines of great value are found along the 
western slope of the Sierra Nevada, 
wdiile the cliniate and soil produce 
grasses, cereals, and vegetables of almost 
every description when properly culti¬ 
vated. Capital, Carson City. Est. area, 
90,000 square miles.f Pop. in 1860, 6,857. 

Arizona.—Organized by act of Con¬ 
gress, • approved February 24, 1863, em¬ 
braces “ all that part of the present Ter¬ 
ritory of New Mexico situate west of a 
line running due south from the point 
where the southwest corner of the Terri¬ 
tory of Colorado joins the northern 
boundary of the Territory of New Mexi¬ 
co, to the southern boundary of said 
Territory,” containing an estimated area 
of 131,000 square miles. It is thinly 
settled by natives of Mexico and emi¬ 
grants from different States of the Union, 
besides containing a large number of In¬ 
dians of a warlike character. The right 
of suffrage and territorial organization 
is similar to that of New Mexico, with 
the provision, “ that there shall neither 
be slaves nor involuntary servitude in 
said Territory.” Capital, Prescott, situ¬ 
ated north of the Gila River in a fertile 
valley. This Territory is rich in gold, 
silver, copper, and other minerals, while 
the soil is mostly sterile except in the 
few valleys susceptible of irrigation. 
Arizona, proper, was acquired by treaty 
with Mexico known as the “Gadsden 
Treaty,” and ratified in June, 1854, the 
estimated area being 39,000 square miles, 
lying south of the Rio Gila. 


♦ The climate of Washington Territory is much milder than in the same parallels of latitude 
east of the Eocky Mountains, while toe soil is mostly rich and very fertile, producing a largo 
growth of forest trees. Gold and other valuable minerals also abound in many parts of the Ter- 
ritorv. 

t The act establishing this Territory provides for annexing a portion of the State of California, 
east of the Sierra Nevada Mountain range, having an area of about 10,oOO square miles. 




32 


STA'nSTICS OF THE UNITED STATES. 


Idaho*—This new Territory, lyin" on 
the west side of the Rocky Mountains, was 
organized by act of Congress, approved 
March 3, 1863. Its boundary is as fol¬ 
lows : “ Beginning at a point in the mid¬ 
dle channel of Snake River where the 
northern boundary of Oregon intersects 
the same; then follow down the said chan¬ 
nel of Snake River to a point opposite 
the mouth of the Kooskooskia, or Clear¬ 
water River; thence due north to the 49th 
parallel of latitude; thence east to the 
new Territory of Montana; thence west 
along the 42d parallel of latitude to the 
eastern boundary of the State of Oregon ; 
thence north along said boundary to the 
place ot beginning.” Capital, Lewiston, 
situated on the w’estern confines of the 
Territory. Est. area, 100;000 square 
miles. A great portion of this extensive 
region is susceptible of cultivation, the 
climate being comparatively mild and 
healthy. Gold is found in numerous lo¬ 
calities along the different ranges of moun¬ 
tains, as well as in the beds of streams 
flowing into the Columbia river, by which 
this Territory is drained. By late autho¬ 
rity the Territory is found to contain 
60,000 white inhabitants. The delegate 
to Congress and members of the Legisla¬ 
ture are elected in October. 

Montana*—This new Territory, lying 
between the 45th and 49th degrees of 
north latitude, and the 27th and 39th de¬ 
grees of longitude west from Washington, 
was organized by act of Congress, ap¬ 
proved May 26, 1864. It may be said to 
form the northern half of the Territory of 
Idaho, as organized March 3,1863. Est. 


area of Montana, 150,000 sq. miles. This 
extensive territory embraces the head 
sources of the Missouri river, lying east 
of the Rocky Mountains, and the head 
sources of the north branch of the Co¬ 
lumbia river, lying west of the above 
Mountains and north of the Bitter Root 
Mountains. A great portion of this re¬ 
gion is susceptible of cultivation, although 
forming, in part, the northern limit of 
the United States, the climate being com¬ 
paratively mild and remarkably healthy. 
Gold is found in numerous localities alon« 
the different ranges of mountains, as weU 
as in the beds of .streams flowing into the 
Columbia and Missouri rivers, by which 
this Territory is drained. The Indian 
tribes are numerous, but generally peace¬ 
ably inclined. Capital, Bannock City. 
Fort Benton, situated on the Upper 
Missouri river, north latitude, 47 ® , 50', 
lies near the centre of the Territory, fa¬ 
vored with a mean annual temperaturo 
of 48 ® Fahrenheit. The proposed lino 
of the Northern Pacific Railroad will, no 
doubt, pass Fort Benton, and cross the 
Rocky Mountains through one of the sev¬ 
eral mountain passes explored by autho¬ 
rity of the United States Government. 

Indian Territory*—Situated west of 
the States of Arkansas and Missouri, and 
south of the 37th degree of north latitude, 
is bounded on the south and west by the 
State of Texas. This is a fruitful region 
inhabited by many tribes of civilized In¬ 
dians, mostly Cherokees, Creeks, Choc¬ 
taws, and Seminoles, amounting to 60 oi 
70,000 souls. Capital, Tah-le-quah 
Est. area, 70,000 square miles. 




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0 028 070 996 7 


TABLE, 

Exhibiting tub Seats of Goveknmhnt, the Times of tiik Ei.eotion of State Officeks, anb 
THE Meeting u*' the Legislatukes of the several States. 


States. 

Seat of Govern men 1. 

Alabama. 

A rkji .... 

Montgomery... 
Little Rock.... 

8acr:imento_ 

Hartford. 

Dover. 

Tallahassee.... 
Milleogeville .. 
Springflidd .... 

1 iidianap lis .. 
Des Moines.... 

Topeka.. 

Frankfort..... 
Baton Rouge .. 
Auifusta.. 

Cal'furnia .... 
Connecticut . 

Del iware_ 

Flori la. 

Georgia .... 
Illinois. 

Indiana. 

Iowa. 

Kansas. 

Kentucky .... 
Louisiana ... 
Maine.. 

Maryland .... 
Ma."4sachiisetts 
Michigan. 

Annapolis. 

Boston. 

Tjan-iing. 

Minnesota.... 
Mississippi ... 
Missouri .... 
N. ilampsh’e. 
New Jersey .. 
New York.... 
N. Carolina... 
Ohio. 

St Paul. 

Jackson . 

Jefferson City.. 

Concord . 

Trenton. 

Albany. 

Raleigh. 

Columbus. 

Oregon. 

Eugene City... 
H rrisburg.... 
j Newport, 1 
( Providence. ) 

Columbia. 

Nashville. 

Austin . 

Pennsylvania. 

Rho^e Island. 

S. Carolina... 
Tennessee.... 
Te.xas. 

Vermont..... 

Virginia. 

W. Virginia.. 
Wisconsin.... 

Montpelier..... 

Richmond. 

Wheeling. 

Madison. 


Time of liolijiiis Ele tions. 


Is! Moriilay in Aiiifiist. 

1st Moiulay in August . 

Tuesday afmr 1st Man. in Sept. 

l.st Momlay in Ai)ril.. 

Ist l'ue.sday in JS'ov. 

Ist Moridiiy in Oetoi'er . 

1st Monday in October, . 

Tuesday afier 1st Mon. in Nov . 

2d Tuesday in October.. 

2d Tuesday in October . 

IstTuesday in November. 

Ist Monday in August.. 

1st Moiulay in November. 

2<l Monday in Sepiember. 

1st Tuesday in November .. 
Tuesday after 1st Mon. in Nov.. 
Tuesday after 1st Mon. in Nov. 

IstTuesiiay in Nov. 

Ist Monday in October. 

IstTiiesday in Nov. 

2d Tuesday in March. 

Tuesday after 1st Mon. in Nov.. 
Tuesday after 1st Mon. in Nov.. 

1st Thursday in August. 

2d Tuesday in October. 

Isf Monday in June. 

2d Tuesday in October. 

Ist Wednesday in April.-j 

IstMondayin Nov .. 

2d Thursday in August. 

1st Monday in August. 

1st Tuesday in September. 

4th Thursday in May.. 

4th Thursday in Oto'ober . 

Tuesday after Ist Mon. in Nov.. 


Time of the Meeting of the LcgislalmeB. 


2d Monday In Nov., hientnitlly. 
Ist Moiulay in Nov., hiennUMy. 
Ist .Moiulay in January. 

1st Wednesday in .May. 

1st Tuesday in Jan., hUnnutUy. 
4th Mon. in Nov , Inennially. 

1st Monday in an,mu illy. 

2d Monday in Ian., hiennialLy, 
Tliurs. afier 1st Mon. in Jan.,A<. 
2d Monday in Jan., biennially, 
2d Thursday in Jan. 

1st Mon'iay in Dec., biennially, 
3d Monday in January. 

1st Wednesday in January. 

1st Weduestlay in January, bi. 
I't Wednesilay in January. 

1st Wednesday in January, bi, 
Ist Tues. after 1st Mon. in Jan. 
Ist Monday in Nov., biennially. 
Last Mon. in Dec., biennially, 
Ist Wednesday in June. 

2d Tuesday in January. 

1st Tuesday in January. 

8d Monday in Nov., biennially, 
Ist Monday in Jan., biennially 
2d Monday in Sept., biennially, 
Ist Tuesday in January. 

Last Tuesday in May. 

By adjourn, from Newport. 

4th Monday in November. 

Ist Monday in Oct., biennially. 
Decembf-r. biennially, 

2d Thursday in October. 

1st Monday in Dec., biennially, 

2d Wednesday in January. 


CONGRESSIONAIi DISTRICTS. 


The House of Eepresentatives of the 
United States is composed of members 
elected by Districts, with a term of two 


years. The number apportioned to tlie 
States has varied at each decennial cen¬ 
sus, as shown by the following Table : 


Census. • 

When Apportioned. 

By Constitution..., 

N. York Eop. 

Whole No. Rep. 
. 65. 

Ratio, one to 

1790, by N. T. Leg., April 14, 1792..., 

.10. 


.... 33,000 

1800, “ 

Jan. 14, 1802.... 

.17. 

.141. 

... 23,000 

1810, “ 

Dec. 21, 1811.... 

.27. 

.181. 

.... 35,000 

1820, 

March 7, 1822..., 

.34. 

.212. 

.... 40,000 

1630, “ 

May 22, 1832.... 

.40. 

.240. 

.... 46,700 

1840, 

June 25, 1842.... 

.34. 

.223. 

.... 70,68® 

1850, 

July 30, 1852 ... 

.33. 

.233. 

.... 93,423 

1860, “ 

April —, 1861.... 

.31. 

.242. 

....127,000 


The Constitution of the United States by the Legislature of each State, wh^ 
provides that two Senators shall be chosen shall hold their office six years. 




































































































